(66) \G[X ^ E[X ]_[ LX+
%L 27`
Qa[ 1963 y[[* LaQT \[[_ ؙyYP[ Y[ \Na
[a J FT FT `m[ Ya E[KX :
%][ aE_
HQT V] V+* T[Y[ a[VX W[ ^ HQ J_[ aO B J[
VC^[ =Y[ X\[ E[* a+ [E] aE_ XLE PE[[
EK F[ E[ X[VX E[T c^* T[Y[ a[VX %][ E
[E] EO[ aO X\[ E[K T[ =Y[* TX ^ E[KX
T[ =Y[ %] %[ EK \[[ X* EXX ^V %] Y[ EX
%[ؚ^ \[, A[E] X c^ B [E] c_ cT Tc_ TgE ]X V^
]X Z[^ XC^ c[* PE[E [__], "T] T][
+K]T J_C*" Eܙ Y[ \_]V %[ؚ[ Y[[TX
J+K* Tc_ ]XO %][+ \[ cK ; PE[E VC^ c^ X*
%][ a[ EL E[[ Eܙ TgE ^ aE_ ]X X[VX E[ V^K
AO ^X ]U^ UE* TX %]^ E E[[X LX X, `[ GQ[X E
[gV[ GQ[X LX X* T[ ^V [gV[+ GQX Tc_C LX[ %][
]_[ LX+ E[KX* LX [[, T_aVaL[ []^S AEO
=YFX %K* A+ [_ `m[ GO [_KX :
X[V AE[[
F[ TYa E[KX* Tg[ a+ TYa[ Z_ YK TX +VV
V[TT[ J^C `N]X c^ CPX A+ \^ +V, ]VX C [TE
YP^ V_X Tg[ TYa \[[ LX* ]VX C [T Aa AE[[ [aܙE_[
=V^ E[_X* J[VE ]_^ [Ta ]V]V [+T _G_* EE_ ]W[
ؑ[ QET _G_* Z_ Z_ J[VE %_ c^ G_* }][[ mtX,
YF[ EE_ a]ؙ ]_ AEO ]X[] %[cC^[ ar c_* A+ a]^ ]VX
[S XlY E[_X X[V[ =Y[* J[VE %a[V[ XJGX
[ c^ G_* X[V[ ]X Eܙ E]\[[ =V^ c_ X* TX
]VX[ VE J+_X* TFX ]VX \^ Y^ X[V[ EK Tg[
ETE][ LX l] J+_X* X[V[ ]X yW[C =V^ X cC^T
TX l] E[_X*
A+ HOX^
X[V[ ]X c_ ^ TYa^ Tg[ E]yW L^ c^K* TFX X[V
`[[ XEO G_X A[e XL[ %Tr[ EU `[E LX_X* `[
X[VE %T`^ Y^ ]X E[ a[WX E[ V_X ^ TX ^X [bE
AEU X [_X* X[V Eܙ [bE [_[ _\ a]_T X Y[ [S
cT c[X] GX G+T G+T l[ a]V [b[ EK G_X*
[b X[VE VF E`_ Y` E[_X* X[V %XX F[[ V[[ a]^
EU^ EU^ [__X ^ TYa[ a]^ E] ^ Tg[ =Y[ Y\[ [ؙ[ E[T Y[ X -- a
[b[+ EY^* [b ]F [__X, "T] [СJ^-[T`_, W[ [ ; T][ =Y[ %[[
E][ E Y\[ c[ ?" Eܙ ]X ]X TX [MT Y[_X ^
X[V[ [` %c[ c^K* X[V[ A+ %c[ V[ E[[
LX TX AEO ]T_[ E[_X* X[V ^FX Z[KX TFX YU [b
AEO adzV[ ]^[L X]S E[_X* X[V ETc_[`Tf a+
]^XG[ Y[` E[ VF_X a+ V`[ [LEX ؑ^[ c[X ;
[ [L C [LYyV[ a][` c^K* X[V TFX [LY[T G^
[LEXE VF ]DŽ c_X* Tg[ ]X J_ c^ =P_* TX a[ \_
G^ E]X E[ B [LEXE [[c E[T Y[X T+ ]X ]X
\[T _G_X* Tg[ [^aC c^K, T[ =Y[ [Q VQ a+LX
]XO F[Y c^ G_* TX TFX [bE [S E[_X* [b Aa ^X
EK+ LXX X A]X \[ E[ [__X, "E X[V ? E
c^K ? %]E [S E[_ EX ?" X[V TFX
[b[ EK adzV[ [Y YUX E[_X ^T B [LEXE _\
E[ ^^* X[V TFX \[K_X ^ B [LEXE _\ E[T Y[_+
Tg[ Y[]]_ c[* T+ [bE [__X, "^T %][
\_ c^ `H T+ E[*" [b [__X, "cg, ^T
T][ aTE[ Y[]]_ c^, T E[[ [+E*"
ؑ^[
a\^ [LEX ^FX X[V[ EK V^ ^KX, X[V \[KX,
A+[[ [LEX ]_O Tg[ G_^ V[X* Eܙ [LEX Tg[
VE J+_X+ X* a+ a]^ `[[ V+ %XǻJ[ X[V[ VE TE^
caK VF X[V L_[ EK G^ VFX ^ Tg[ ]FO [gV[[
]T c^ GK* TFX X[V F[ [G GKX* `[[ B %XǻJ[ VLXE
`Y V_X ^ T[ [la c^ LX[* T+ T[ Y[ [[S C
EES c^K_* T[Y[ TX [b[ XEO J__X* [ؙ^+
[b[ a VF* VF_X, a+ [LEXC [b[ a [^KX* TFX
X[V %[C [G G^ [bE `Y V_X ; [__X, "T]
ؑKJ[, T][ =Y[ E= X+, T+ %]^ [ׇT E[ T]
[LEXE XL X_ %[ %][ ]F [gV[[ ]T E[ V_* %]
`Y VK %L %][ A+ [LEX _\ c^ X [_ ^-[E] Er cK
T]EC ؗ[ [[c a+ [E] Er YT c[* %[ [gV[[
ac^ X^+ T][ ؗE =[ E[T Y[[*" [b
X[V[ `Y [[S E[ X_X A[e [] c^ YU[T Aa aT[
[[c EgV EgV [X [X H[_X*
GO [_
`m[ [_KX, "T VF_ [[, X[V[ [X[[ ]T ]F
cC^^ %a_ ]_+ c^K_* %c_ ^G ^G E[ ETE_ YU[ c^
YQ %KX* TX [_KX, '%] `E[^XT LXT [L %K ; Eܙ
T]T ^X \N UE*' TX ^+ E[X X EX, TX+ T E[KX*
T[ %[ %X [E] JC^ EX ? TX ^+ E[X X EX, TX+ T
E[KX* T[ T[ %X [E] JC^ EX ? ^ cK \_ [ ]V a[
Tg[ -- A+O \[ KQ %[ EK E[[[ X+* TX [gV[
E[X T a+ \_, `^[ E[X T T+ cE*"
LXE \N
[_KX, "[[, ]X
cK_ ^ PE[[ [WX ]X XT c_ \_[aO+ V[E[*
%[[ \+^ \+^ PE PE ]_ cT G_C \_[a AEܙ
V[E[* T X c_ J_ ^^ X* \[K_] ^ %YXE [_[ X*" \NO[ EU
X `m[ A[e =YؚT \NGS caKX* `m[ [_KX, "[_[ X
\[K Eܙ [_[ %[ [E E ? 'J[ %[ [E E' G LX ? `X :
AELX \V_E aT[[ [^ E[K_X* `bE_ [Q [^a
AEO J [K[[ ]^E [^ E[X* T+ YQ[ K_[
TgE VF_+ 'J, J' [_ lYT* \V_EC 'J' X_+ lY
=PTX ; K_V[ ][T ^TX* `b \V_E Y_`[ ac^
J+_X* Y_` %Za[ VF_X ^ [ؙ[E [Q ]Xb[ [Q XE_
cK K_V[ Y{^ YQ* TFX Y_` UE %V` VC^ c_ '^ J [_[
TE W[ X^ ^C^ c[*' K_[ a+LX 'J' [_T Y[K
X* TFX T[ \V_EE lY[[ AEO XT_ E`_ E[_*
\V_E [ؙ V^ J_KX, K_[C J_K V+ Y`* AEO
K_ [_K 'AE', %[ AEO K_ [_K 'V+', %[ AELX [_K 'TX', %[ AELX
%[C L[ [_K 'J-['* A+ [E] y]`f %[C L[ 'Yg-J', 'K-^', 'a-T' OX [_T
[_T [[^ AaK* TFX AEO K_ F[ OX OX [_K '[-[-C-C-C', %[ AEO
K_ %[C OX
OX [_K 'T-[-C-C-C-C'* TFX \V_E
F[ lY GKX* _P X^ TQ E[ [__X, 'T[ [ [O,
J[ %[ [E E'?" aE_ X F[ caT _G_X* `m[
\NOE [_KX, -- LX T +e[LT AEO EU %K Necessity is the
mother of invention. (%\[[W+ =[X[ YaT)* ^FX ]X c^K
\_[a V[E[, TFX necessity (%\[[W) c^K* aT[e
%[[ c^K ^ \N V[E[* \N[ Y^LX [M_ \N
c[+*
(67) \G[X[ V^+ a[
%L 28` Qa[ 1963
`X[[* LaQ* \[[_ ؙy[ Y[ `m[ Yay] [_KX :
aEa[ G
XK ? aEa[ (Trapeze) YL VFK T ? YE F_^Q
V_KX ; Y =Y[ VE YL %OEX* ]U XݻJ E[ cT VO
[Q^ V_KX* XL %XE F_ VFKX* XJ[ [Q %[ AELX
F_^Q VQ^ VQ^ V_KX* XJ[ F_^Q ^+ _Z
V_X %]X YE F_^Q Tg[ cT VO W[ TgE T_ X^ Volt (`X
QG[L) V^ =Y[ X^ G^ XL[ Y` [a_X* V`E[
J^[ [a [a F_ VFKX* Tg[ YE F_^Q[ F_ VF
cTT_ VX* T]X [[, TX %aX, Aa %]V[ a]X [[[ cT
[Q^ [Q^ V_T UEX* TgE VF ^g[ +K c^ '%]C Tg[ ]T
L[X ^YX E[' -- A =` aea[E TK pX E[ ^X %aX, VQ[
%[_X, ]O[ %[_X KQ ^X `X MgY VX TgE TX T_
XX* %[ J^[ [a ^g[ cTT_ VX Tg[ EK+ Y_X X
T X^* Tg[ Tg[ %V`O VFT Y_X*
A[ Y[ AEO
\N Tg[ ؑY[ EU [_KX, "[[, E_ AEO ؑY
VFK* AEO ]^ AEO F[ XݻJ GTT YQ GK* =PT
Y[K X* %XE _E GT[ ]F VQ^ [^K, XX [E]
cc E[K* Eܙ E= T_K X ]^OE ; E= GT X]K X
TE =[ E[[[ LX* A]X a]^ AELX \V_E aFX Aa+ GT
X] ]^OE =P^ X^ A_X* T[Y[ H]O \ G_*" ؑY[ EU
X `m[ [_KX, "cg [[, AELX+ T_X* A+ aea[
ET _E E[ [E] aܙX V^, ET `ؗ[E [_ ; Eܙ =[
E[T AELX+ %aX* TX AE]*" 'AE]' `O `m[
A]X L[[ a =J[S E[_X ^ a]ؙ H[O G]G] E[ =P_*
`m[ %[C [_KX, "VF [[, aE_
XX [E] =YV` V^, VfF YE` E[ ; Eܙ TX VFX ^, A
\G[XE \_ A+ ]c]^[ ]W YQK* ؗ_E AEVE \G[T
%[[ %[ AEVE ]^* VF X,
%]V[ AELX ]^K_E VF AEO EK ]X c_* Eܙ EX ]X
c_ ? a+ VF_] [_ T ? T[ %G T aO \[K_] X*
%]V[ ^FX A+ ]c %a, %][ ^FX ]^[ GT YQ, TFX TX+
%aX T_ XT* A+O+ Tg[ V^, [[* ^FX Tg[ V^[ EU
\[ TFX E_EX[ Y+ X* Tg[ V^[ -- E [_[, [[, --
TgE V^[ ؑ[Y [_ ^T Y[* ^[ YU J_K T[ T
PE %K+* Eܙ ^[ [YU J_K, ^-a[ K_]^[ [YU
YQK TV[ LX +K E[+ TX [YU %aX* VF X, ؑ]L C
Tg[ TG m[\^[ T [^KX Eܙ TT+ E c_ ?
PE[E a[VE V[E[ c_* %[[ G[`[[E V[E[
c_* G[` T XL ]F [_KX, '%] ^FX [aT] aFXE[ aT cT
]O % c^ ^T*' A+ Tg[ V^, [[* Tg[ V^ ^ E
%][ T [M X, [[* %]V[ ]X[ ]T TX E[X X T+ TgE V^]^ ]X c^ X*"
%[[ Yay]
`m[ [_KX : aEa[
GW[ G LX ? aEa T %XE Lܙ UE - cT, HQ, [H A+
a[* T]X AEO GWC %K* aEa TE E %[ FT V[ ?
]P GWOE KQ V^* GWO TFX J[ F^* AEVX ]P A+
GWO[ a %[ AEO GW[ VF c^K* aO c_ WY[
GW* T[ Jc[ \_, T_ JEJE G, XW[ GPX ; %[
aEa[ GW [G* %_Y-Y[J^[ Y[ WY[ GW
aEa[ GWE [_K, "%K \+, T[ T aEa \[
FOX c^ XK* [GC c^ G^Ka VFK* T+ KQ V_+
T Y[a* A+ VF X %] [` \_+ F+ V+* T+C KQ J_ %^ X*
%][ VLX AEa UE[* E [_a ?" TFX aEa[
GW F[ G[\[ [__, "%[, CFX E %[ A]X YQ %K ! \[bT[
=~T[ LX [^K, [M_ ?" WY[ GW EK+
[MT Y[_ X, T+ Lpa E[_, "E =~T[
%`^ %Ka ?" TFX aEa[ GW TE [M^ [__, "B aEa[
ET[ AEO adzV[ ]^ %K* a ]^O T[[ =Y[ XJ*
ET TE [_KX, 'VF, F[ a[WX XJ[* ^V AE[[C Y
ZaE YQ ^a T[ A+ GWO[ a T[ [^ V[*' \+, %] B
EU X \[_] Tc_ T %][ F[ \_ Prospect (\[bd)
%K* T+ B aEa KQ EUC ^+ X*"
GO [_
`m[ F[ caKX* a+ a aE_+ F[ caT _G_X* `m[ %[[
[_KX, "%]V[C
\[bd =~T B [E] FQ E[ [FK* PE[[QT UEC
%][ OE J+, aea[[ =~T J+, K_]^[ \_ UE[ A+
a[ J+* Eܙ T E c^, [[ ? Tg[ V^ E AT KO ? TX
^ \_[aX X, %]V[ E TX T+ VT Y[X ? A E ]F]
%]V[ ! %] AE AEa]^
T+ \[*"
BVX aE_
[Q^ Z[ aE_ [[V^ FT [aKX* EU^ EU^ AELX
%[ AELX[ EL[ a]_JX E[KX* `m[ Tg[ H[ [a
FK_X* [+[ Aa caT caT [_KX, "`_E YF[ G
LX ? AE[[ [X[ ]W a[
YFV[ AEO a][` c^K* Y[&[ Y[&[[ a]_JX
E[K* A+\[ E[ GX \_, E[ GX ]V A+ X^ [Ja cK*
TFX PE c_ AEO a\ E[ [J[ c[* [J[E c_ `_E
YF* AE AE E[ GX G+T _G_ a[+* EE_ T[ ]W[ EP[
TX `X_* GX `b c_ `_E [__, 'G_ [Q EE`*' [_[_,
YY^ Y\T Competition-A (YT^GT^) ^GVXE[[ AE AE
GX G^ G_* `_E YF %\p [J[E[ \T aE_[ GX[+
FgT W[T _G_* `b aE_ ]_ `_E YFE [__, '%YX T
aE_[ GX[+ Vb W[_X* %YX V^ E[ AEO %V` GX X^ VX
X ^T aE_ TV[ Vbm_ W[ XT Y[*' aE_ ]_ A+ %[VX
E[_ `_E YF %ؙ %ؙ [__, '%] T GX G+T LX X'*"
\NGS aE_ ca =P_X* `m[ %[[ [_KX, "%Y[[ EL[ [J[ E[[[ %] E ? 'p^f a
XTa~a ^ X r X EIlT' (GT 5/3)* b\[ Y[TG E[T
[_KX* BOT+ %]V[ ]ו_ c^* %aN %[ [b AEO[+
VO VE* ^V ]X c^, 'C A]X EU [__' TFX \[T Y[ ^ ]X
T AEO+* AEO ]X[ AE %e` %[ AE %e`E [_K %U[ AEO
]X[+ [`b %[ؚ^ B EU [_K* ^V ]X [b\[ UE Tc_ T
a~a[ %XV YC^ ^[ X* c^T PE[[QT (%`])
[^K a[ KQ ; Eܙ ]X b\[ [^K* T[ Z_ a[+ ^
TX E[KX, TX+ aE_[ ]W UE a[+E J_KX A+O ]X
cK X* c^T
%XE %]E a~a \[
EX LXb V[, aV` FC^[* T aV` FT Y_C a~a[ %XV T
Y_] X*"