(58) X][ Z_ Z_[+
%L 21` %Gr
1954 `X[[* ``[]Eb ]׳V[ ``LXr] =Y_l \N a]G]
c^K* `m[ Ya E[KX :
K_[_^
%] [a]L ^T]* ؑ]L[ [+C EK EK YQK_]*
\G[X_\[ LX X^ ; Tg[ V`Y] \_ _GT A[e \b `F[, A+LX*
[[[ EK %a[ Y[ K_[_E[ A+ a[ G [[E
E[K_]* [[ AEVX Lpa E[_X, "%K,
ؑ]L[ 'Religion
is realisation' (YTl %X\T+ W]), A+ EUO T][ E]X _G ?" %] [[[[
science ([pX)-A[
Ky K_], 'YTl %X\T+ W]' -- A+ EU F[ \_ _GT* [[ Eܙ Religion EU[ %X ]X
[__X* Re ]X (back) YX[^ A[e ligion = ligare
(to bind)
]X ]_X* Religion
]X
YX]_T cC^* GT[ a A EUO [` ]_ ^^* \G[X [_KX, "a[] ^G
^G"* '^G' ]X ^V aT,
yT, Y[, E_ E[ T[ PE c^ X* E[S \G[T [
%[T[[ EU %K* '^G' EUO[ ^V [dYwGT %U W[ T[ ^ + G
E[ '^G' EUO XY~
c^ %Ud '^G' ]X ^N
cC^* %][ ؑ[Y UE [K~ c^K ; %[[ ؑ[Y ]_T
c[*
=YaX * ]X
PE[[ XEO [a* PE[ %[[ ES [X ]X =YaX[ EU
[_KX* ES EX LXb ^V [FT J+ T[ T[ TXO Y c_
[` ZO E[* ES =YaX ]X -- a]X [] C Q+X a[y \G[X
VF %Ud \G[X %] Q[ %K A+ [E] \[* %[ [X =YaX ]X
XLX =YaX %Ud 'W PE[ %KX %[ %] %K' A+O ^V c^ T [X
=YaX c_* ][ ^]X [_KX, '][ T G[W[ GY_, Va[ X
E+*' ]X =YaX ]X - ]X cK aE_ +׳V^[
[L, aE_ +׳V^ V^ Tg[+ =YaX E[* ^ JF V^
<`[V`X X c^ T ]^[YǬK-Xy[ X^* ^ EX V^
<`[[ EU `[S X c^ T [[[ [ GT ]y* A+ [E]
YTEO +׳V^ a [MT c[*
]X
ؚ[ E[[ VO =Y^ %K* %] ^V G_Y YT J+ T[
%]E G_Y GK[ EK ^T c[* T]X PE[E ^ ]XO
%] VT ^K a ]XO PE[[ EK UE %][ J^ XT
c[* WX E[T [a+ YU] EKlS YUX E[ XT c[, "PE[, ^ ]X
V^ T][ =YaX E[[ a ]XO T] %]E VC* ^ \[ T][
YL E[_ T][ \_ _G[ a \[ YL E[[[ \[ T]
LGC*" ^V ATC ]X
ؚ[ X c^ T[ X] E[T c[ -- TTlS X] E[T c[ ^TlS
X X][ [S c^* PE[ [_KX, "^ [] ^ Eb
+VXe a+-+ []Eb*" ^VC
[][ ]T Tg[ cT WX[S X+ Ee[ Eb[ ]T [g` X+,
Eܙ [][ ^ \[ '%XV VC^' A[e Eb[ ^ \[ '%EbS E[' -- A+ V+-+
Tg[ ]W %K* T+ TX %XV VT Y[X A[e aea[ UE
%EbSC E[T Y[X* A+ \[ X^ ^V X] E[ ^^ Tc_ VO
X]+ E[ c[ Eܙ ]T AEO+ UE[ A[e X][ Z_C Z_[+*
AEO ]L[ G `X :
AELX YV
ac[ FrW] YһJ[ E[T Aa AEVX cVV[ T_a YT X^
[_KX, "O]Q[
O_a E E[O Y[ ? A+ QE %] G^ ]EOK*" TFX AEO
Vr K_ [__, "ac[, []T_a VFK ? A+ VF []T_]*" A+ [_ AEO
[KO GK ac[E VF_* ac[ aO[ YT X^ [__X, "QE,
O]Q[ []O_a E E[O Y[*" [_ G^
]FKX* AEO Y[+ J_ET %[ E[K* TFX YV ac[
[_KX, "Y[, Y[*" [KO ^]X
E[+ ]F G J_E[ ; T]X \G[X[ X] ^]X E[+ E[ T[
Z_ Z_[+*
(59) <`[[\[ [HX`
%L 14+ %Gr
1955 [[[[* E^EVX Y[ ``[]Eb ]׳V[ LXr] =Y_l
=da[ c^ GK* LXE \N LXr] [Y[O E LXT J+_
`m[ a+ a Ya E[KX :
<`[[ YU
%Ga[ cT G^ %]V[ ET [E] [W-[Yw[ aFX cT c^
A[e a+a[ [W-[Yw[ ]W V^+ ^ %]V[ TgE YT c[ --
A+O+ [YE E[ LXr][ =YFX c^K*
%]V[ ]X
ET[[ <`[_\[ +K c^ %[[ ET[[ a+ \[O J_
^^* [aV[ ^X L[ %[ Eb cKX B`[E \[ %[ Eea ^X
%ceE[* [aV[[ K^ K^O aܙX ][ GK Eea[ cT*
%]V[C a+ [E] ET[[ <`[_\[ +KO Xr c^ ^^
%ceE[[ LX* %r][[ ** V[E[ G\ Eb
LXGcS E[_X* V[E ]X V[* V[d A+ B`[E \[ %]V[ ]W
%a* Eb[ %[\[ [aV[ E]X E[ EbE [l E[[X
\[KX* L[ ^X B`[E \[E E]X E[ [E [F[ A+
Jܙ E[K* [aV[ EbE E_ E[ VF_X ^ E[[
=XN, Yc[[ H]^ YQK* %Ud <`[[ \[ ]X A_
Tg[ YU J_[ [W V[ cT UE* [aV[ EbE [E E[
J_KX* \bS MQL_ cK, T[ ]W+ J_KX* \NEC A+ [E]
E[ aea[ XX [E] ]^[ YEY UE T[ B`[E \[E
[gJ^ J_T c^* [aV[ T ^]X[ W[ Aa VQ_X*
]U[[ CY[ ^T c[ ; ]M X_ ^]X* CY[ cK GE_* aFX
XV-^`V %KX* \NEC T]X A+ [ؙT ^]X %Ud aVc %[`a
Y\T EO^ a+ %XVW][ VE ^T c[* [aV[ T
[ؙT ^]X VF \[KX E]X E[ Y[ c[X* TFX VF_X, AEO
`^_ Aa cgO XVݻO Y[ c^ ^K* \N[C ]X c^ A+ aVc C
%[`a E]X E[ Y[ c[ ? Y[ X cT Y[_ T A+ B`[E
\[E [gJT Y[ ^[ X* a+ a]^ <`[[ AEO +׆T
YC^ ^^ ^FX ]X [_ %a %[ a+ [_+ aVc-ae`^[ Y[ ^C^
^^* [aV[ ^KX* \bS MQMu cK* [qYT cK, `_ YQK
; Eܙ a+ a]^ %XܙXG Tg[ %Xܙ ZS [aV[[ ]U[ =Y[
W[ [^KX* [_ c^ ^ aY[ EX X+* T+ a [qYT[ \^
E[ X* <`[[ YU J_T G_ %XE[ %XE [E] EU XT
c^* %XE Pv [VY E[* AT ]X
[W[ ar c^ ; Eܙ \N aa[ EU EX+ T_X X* [aV[ ^FX
^]X[ ]W V^ AGKX TFX cPd ^]X[ L_ [QT _G_*
^]X[ +K c_ a PE[[ [I J[S VFX W+^ V^ ; T+
a =J c^ =PK* Eܙ [aV[ \[KX TX c^T Q[ ^[X*
%]V[ J_[ YUC AE[[ ]X
c^ Y[ c^ ^T Y[[ ; %[[ ]X c^ Y[ cT Y[[ X* A+
[E] V_X %a+ ]X[ ]W* A Tg[+ __* \N[ ]X A+
%`X[`[ V_X TX+ T_X* Eܙ %][ T aO [MT
Y[ X*
[aV[ T
^]_ Y[ c^ GE_ Aa EbE XV-^`V[ EK [F_X* Eܙ
ATC c_ X* EbE [W E[[
LX Eea GE_ %Ha[, [Ea[, WXEa[ Y\T %XǻJ[V[
YPT _G_X* Eb TV[ [X` E[_X* \N[C ]X %ceE[[
%XǻJ[[ %a T[ B`[E \[[ [X` E[T* %H ]X YY,
%Ha[ cK YYJܙ* YYJܙ ]X =V^ c^ %Ud <`[-[LT
Jܙ =V^ c^* %[[ [Ea[* [E XV [ L_`^[ W[ J[
E[ VQ^ UE* VF ]X c^ X[c, EK+ LX X ; Eܙ
]KOK [ %X AEO EK L_ \a =P_+ TE W[ F^
Z_* T+ [Ea[ cK \Q]* A+ YYJܙ, \Q] AV[ a[
TX+ [X` E[X* ^ TgE J^ T[ LX TX A+ a[
[W-[Yw T[ YU UE a[^ VX* WXEa[ cK YL %XǜX
Y\T* %Ud [W[V^ %XǜX[ Y[ ^T c[* A+ a[ TX+
HJ^ V^ Tg[ \[ Tg[ \NE YTלT E[X* T[Y[
Eea YTXE YP_X EbE [W E[[[ LX* YTX [la* a
ؙX [b ]F^ Aa ؙX F+^ EbE ][[[ ]T_[ E[K_*
Eb a+ ؙX E]Q YTXE ][ Z__X* YTX[ Eܙ ]TGT
c_* %]V[C ]X <`[^ \[ A_ []SE LXX ]X c[* TFX %[
[la UE[ X* T[ %G `EO\tX[ EU %K* Eb Tg[ Y
V^ a+ GQ a[^ V^K_X* TT GYGYV[ VW[ \gQm_
YQ \ G_* =c TV[ L[E K_* T[ ]X A+ YU J_T G_
EXaN TG c^ ^[* Eb %[[ E_^ V]X E[K_X*
E_^ E ? X, A+ aea[O+ E_^* E_^[ AT [b ^ V[ L_
E_ c^ GK* %`Y`[ Ha c_V c^ GK* V[ =Y[ V^
YF =Q G_ a+ [b[ MgMT WY E[ YQ ][ ^^* Eb Aa
A+ V _Z^ YQ E_^[ acZS[ =Y[ %XV XJGX [
E[ V_X* T[ YTE ZS[ =Y[ Tg[ Y^[ KY YQ G_*
%LC T[ [e`W[[ a+ YVJc [cX E[ %aK* a+ [E] A+
aea[ a[+ [b[ ]T* AFX E[_+ L_, %XV X+* AFX <`[[
YU ^T G_ ]X E]X-[aX[ %XE [W %a* a+ ]X TX %[\T
c^ ac E]X-[aX[ ]Q Z[^ V^ %XV E[X*
%ceE[[ A+
a[ %XǻJ[V[ V]X E[[ Y[ TX %ceE[[ [X` E[X*
\N[ ]X UE %ceE[ ^^ X* T[ ]X c^ '%] E[K'* A+ %ceE[
X G_ T c[ X* T+ PE[ \N[ %ceE[C Xr E[ VX* Eea
%ceE[[ YTE* Eb A[[ [_[] ac %y[[ [U JY
EeaE ][T ]U[^ ^KX* Eb Eea[ [][ V[L^
E[_^ cؙE ][_X* A[ Y[ Eb C [_[] JS[ C ]rE
X] V+ ]{[[E ^]_^ YP_X* T[Y[ EeaE ][_X* EeaE
Eb +K E[_ XL X ][ %X E=E V^ [ EX %ؗ V^
][T Y[TX* Eܙ T X E[ XL[ cT [W E[_X*
\G[T A[ %XE [F %K* Tg[ [_X ^ Eb &` V^
=[ E[[X [_ XL[ cT ][_X* AE [W E[ [_ X,
=[ E[ [_* Tg[ &` ]X[ a]ؙ %ceE[ X` c^ ^^*
\N [MT Y[X ^ PE[[ +KT+ Tg[ A+ Y[[TX
c^K* TFX Tg[ XTXV*
(60) m[+ Y[yT
%L 18+ L_+
1962 [W[[* 55Xe aV[ `[ [Q[ [QT `m[ AFX [a
E[KX* aE_ `m[ [QT [[^ \NV[ _E '__Y_' VFT X^
^X* aVm[[ EU ^U^U X X_ `b[ E[Y [YV cT Y[ A[e
l]a[ aVm[ oc]^ YT[ ]T `bE E\[ [l E[X T
[M[[ LX [QT [QT `m[ A+ GO [_KX :
AE V`[
[L c_X c[ǻJV %[ Tg[ ]ܗ c_X G[ǻJV* [L ^]X
cgV[], ]ܗ T]X GW[]* YK TgV[ [ [[^ ^^
a+LX Tg[ XE EX a[ a]^ T_ V^ [FX* AE[[ TgV[
a]X V^ AEO ^[ ^K* Tg[ E=+ ^[ JXX X* [L
]ܗE Lpa E[_X, "]ܗ, AO E LX^[ ?" ]ܗ AEO
\[ [__X, "]c[L, c^ F^ F^ EX +V[ ]O
c^K, X^ X F^ F^ EX cT [G c^K*" X c[ǻJV
[__X, "=, %][
[L㱼 AT FV`a UET cT X F^ F^ [G c^K, A cT+
Y[ X* F^ F^ +V[+ ]O c^K* Tc_ VFK +V[m_
[L[ %XE FV`a W[ea E[K* ][ a[ +V[ AEW[ UE*" A+ [E] K_
Tg[ [L㱼[ [J[*
AE[[ AE
a~a Tg[ AE `bE a X^ V` }]S E[T E[T AEVX
a[_ c[ǻJV [L[ V` Aa YgK_X* aFX YgK TX
`bE [__X, "VF, %L %] %[ EK F[ X ; T+ %][
LX AE Y^a[ ]K[ X^ %^* T+ F^ L_ F[ %[ T+
]QOQ ^ F[ X^ %^*" `b VEX G^ VF a
V` a[ LXb AE Y^a a[* `bO F[ YOE K_* a m[V[[
LX AE Y^a V^ AE a[ ]K[ C XL[ LX E^E a[ [aG{
EX X^ A_* m[V[ %T F[[ VF %J^ c^ GKX* `b[
EK a[ X TX [__X, "VF, ^ V` ]Q-]K[[ AEV[ a
V` [J[ X+* E_ aE_+ %][ AV` KQ J_ ^[*" `b Eܙ
EKT+ ^T [L c_ X* [__, "m[V[, %YX
%ܙ^]* %] AEO FT \_[a LX %YX A+ V` %]E X^
AaKX* %] AFX A V` KQ ^[ X*" m[V[ %GT
AE+ Y[VX aE_ J_ G_X* ^[[ a]^ `bE [_ G_X, "[YV-%YV c_
%]^ QEa*"
EKVX [V E^ELX YUE B
[L V^ EUC ^[[ a]^ AEO YE[W[ [~ E[ F[
[_ GT FgQ =XX T[ E[T _G_* T+ VF E^ELX YL Aa
[LE F[_ V_, "]c[L, E %J^, E^ELX [V` VX
VY[ aW EO YE[ J[ E[K !" ]c[L TFX+
TV[ GЊ[ E[[ E] V_X ; %[ [__X, "%L CV[
%OE [F, E_ CV[ `_ c[*" AELX YL[ H[ TV[ %OE [F
c_* a+ [y F[ MQ[r cC^T B H[[ VC^_ YQ G_* %[
KV JY YQ _Em_ ][ G_* [L[ %V` Y[[ VX B
[Q[ ]_EE W[ %X c_* [L TgE [__X, "%L T][ `_ c[ ; EX
T][ H[[ KV JY YQ %][ E^V ][_ ?" a _EO [__, "%][ T Vb X+ ; ^ VC^_
GgUK T[ Vb*" [L TFX a+ ]ؗE W[ %X[ %V` V_X* ]ؗ Aa [__,
"%][ T Vb X+ ; ^
^GQ V^K_ a \_ E[ TGQ ]F X*" TFX a+ G[[ ^GQE
W[ %X[ E] c_* ^GQ A_ [L TE `_ V[[ %V`
V_X* a %[ EK [_T Y[_ X* a FT Y^ X, E_a[
Jc[, T[ `[[ W cQ* cQ[ ]W V^ `_ G_ X*
T[ c[ǻJV [__X, "%][ `_ [U ^T Y[ X* AELX
]O _EE AX `_ JQC*" [L[ AcX [J[[ LX aE_+
\^ \^ VX EO^* T+ E[ `[[ crYr X^* E[_ B
`bO +T]W F^ F^ F[ ]O c^K* TE+ `_ V[[
LX W[ %X c_* T[ TFX m[V[[ EU ]X c_* a ET[\[
m[V[E QET _G_* `_O ]P[ ]MFX YgT K_* T[
J[Y` [L, ]ܗ, [LY[bGS C %XX V`EGS K_* `bOE
`_ JQX c[ A]X a]^ AELX a~a, "]c[L, U]X U]X" [_ JdE[ E[T
E[T KO %aKX VF G_* ]c[L T+ VF L{VE %Yl
E[T [__X* a~a Aa [_KX, "]c[L, A `_ %][* %] [[
[K[ W[ EP[ TYa E[ LXK ^ %L A+ `_ ^ ^[ a
a`[[ ؑG ^[*" [L [__X, "%] A V`[ [L ; A `_ %][* %]+ a`[[ ؑG ^[*" ]ܗ [__X, "X ]c[L, [V[ؙ T a[
EK %]+ E[K ; A `_ %][, %] `_ ^[*" [L C ]ܗ[ ]W E `_
^[ A+ X^ [[V [ c_* a+ G_]_[ a^G a~a Tg[
`bE X^ Y__X*
(61) aTe `[e adzV[]
%L 11+
%k[[ 1962 [c&T[[* G_Q* a[_ z y^V`[
JgV =PK %E`* a+ JV_E [Q[ *** a]X[
[[V^ `m[ +LJ^[ [a \Na Ya E[KX :
`m[* (LXE \NE) %]V[ EK c_ EX
Ee[ E VbmS c_ T Jܙ E[[ V[E[ X+* W \[[ ^ 'PE[ %][
%YX[* TX %][ \[ X^KX*' %[ EX EU
\[[[ V[E[ X+* T] EX \[K ^ T][ a[ a]^ \G[X
]X UE X* TX +K E[_ A+ ]cT JTXV[[ ]T Y] V^
XJ^ XT Y[X* Tg[ +K]y+ a[ c^* %G [[[ W[S
K_ ^ G[`[[ _ŽO ; Tg[ J[y \_ X^* aLX Tg[
YT `҈ K_ X* Tg[ A W[S EOX[ LX [[[ m[V[
(]c V[VXU ]L]V[) AE a^G X_X* AEVX VLX [_Q ]P
EX =da[ =Y_l G^KX* G[`[[ TFX E^ELX[ a [a
X[E[\[ aG[O OXKX* [[[ m[V[ [[E [__X
G[`[[E YS] E[T* Eܙ [[ +TؙTf E[KX, Tg[
]X J+K X* X[Y^ c^ %[`b TX G[`[[[ Y W[
\] c^ YS] E[_X* Y &` E[]y TgE ]cY[b [_
[[[ W[S c_ A[e [[ %X`JX^ EgV Z__X* Eܙ
G[`[[[ aVE }lY X+ ; TX X[E[ [a %KX* %XElS
Y^ܙ TX [[E X CPXT [[[ m[V[ cT W[ [[E
T__X* TFXC [[[ %` [ c^ X* [[[ m[V[ =wLT c^
[_T _G_X, "T[ E [ ? Tg[ +K TX G[[
YZ_ ZO[X, TT T[ E ? Tg[ YgP TX HQC
EOT Y[X %[[ _L[ VEC EOT Y[X*" [[ XL[
\_ [MT Y[_X A[e \[T _G_X, 'c^ ! %] ET
%Y[W*' HOXO [_
`m[ [__X, "[cE VE V^ aea[ _EE [M
]ו_*"
%E` JgV*
J[Y` F_ ]P ; ]M ]M c[TE C `_[ GK* %V[
YcQ[ `S* X[[ Xؙ Y[[`* ELG[ y^V`[ X]_
Ldo_E a[ =aT* `m[ AEOlS YET[ A+ %Y[ `\
VFT _G_X* T[Y[ a+ G\[ XؙT \ E[ `m[ %[[
[_ J__X, "A+ Ldo-Y_ET [y ]X
cK %][ ^X TKT C lV ؑU[ G׳Q %Ty] E[T Y[* A+ adzV[
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AEVX
[E_[_ a[S[F XV[ VE [QT G^ LXE \N XV[
CY[ 8/9 ]+_ V[ YcQ G^ [H VF[[ LX F[ =dacT
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Z[ %aT c^* a+ \NO AFX F[ =dac[ a T[ YcQ [H
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caT TE [_KX, "T] a+ `b[ [H VF[ G LX ?
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c[ * L_O AT [ؙS ^ AEO [y aFX EOT+ c[* a+
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[__X, "VF, a
c[[ %G+ T+ AEO =J GK[ =Y[E[ Q_ =P XLE
[` E[ Q_[ a [gW [TO EO^ V[*" `b m[[
EU]T GK[ =Y[ =P_ ; Eܙ GK[ a XLE [gW_ X*
\[_ a T GK[ =Y[ %K, Lܙ[ XJ UE[ %[ a T
H][ X, [TO [_E_ LG [a UE[ ; EL+ GK[ a
XLE [gW XY^LX* \^ Y_ [gW_C Y[ %[ X [gW_C
Y[* a[ Y[ [H, \_E Y\T XXYE[ [EOE[
LX^[V[ \^[ GLX `X ^T _G_* a+ X `bO \^ U[
U[ E[ EgYT EgYT cT ZaE YQ G_* Eܙ ]OT YQ_
X* XJ[ Q_ E TE W[ Z__* VF T[ m[V[ TE
W[KX* a a[^ Lpa E[_, "[[, %YX
AFX ?" m[V[
aoc =w[ V_X, "E E[[ [[ ! %] LX, T] %][
%V` ^U^U Y_X E[[ X* T+ A+ [Q [^a %]E Er E[ AFX
%aT c^K !"
m[[ %V` X
]X_C TX [l E[X*
* =Y (XEO) + %a (=Y[`X E[);
=YaX = %[W[ a~W-%X\Tac
%[WX*
<`[[\[ [HX`
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[cS[ G\ ؚYT cX* +X+ [_[]*
*** `m[ GT 31`
%Gr 1962 y[[ G_QT Aa '%`^' X]E [QT
[^KX*